![]() She challenged our country to live up to the promises made in our Constitution, which should ring just as true in times of war as in peace. During World War II, four Japanese Americans fought the internment of 100,000 residents in a case that reached the U.S. It is indeed wonderful that Mitsuye Endo is finally being recognized for her wartime stand, ex parte Endo 323 US 283 (1944) that freed 120,313 (people of Japanese descent) incarcerated without due process. The Presidential Medal of Freedom is awarded to persons who have made an especially meritorious contribution to the security or national interests of the United States, or world peace, or cultural or other significant public or private endeavors.Įndo’s choice to sacrifice her personal freedom in order to pursue her case on behalf of all those interned at the camps demonstrates those qualities worthy of such recognition. This letter is in re to â¦Â Nichi Bei Weekly article, âSenator asks Obama to honor Endo,â dated (page 4). The 70th anniversary of the closing of the last camp is a fitting occasion to recognize Mitsuye Endo’s enormous personal sacrifice to accomplish that end. Part of the reason why there arent more statues like Liu is because by the time Chicago started to honor women in public spaces, erecting full-size statues. The closing of the camps commenced within weeks of the decision, with the last – Tule Lake – closing in 1946. As I have written elsewhere, Mitsuye Endo. Once the military announced that it would begin lifting the evacuation orders and closing the camps, the court handed down the decision Ex parte Endo the very next day, holding that the controlling military orders did not permit the government to detain concededly loyal citizens. honor long-accepted constitutional traditions in formulating wartime. As many have argued and the California Assembly resolved last year, Endo deserves the same recognition. The others – Gordon Hirabayashi, Minoru Yasui and Fred Korematsu – have all been awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom (two posthumously) for their sacrifices. Notably, several prominent lawyers in the Roosevelt administration recognized that any internment of citizens would violate the Suspension Clause.Įndo was among the four courageous Japanese Americans who challenged the constitutionality of the military’s policies all the way to the Supreme Court. Constitution, which established strict limitations on when citizens may be detained outside the criminal process. In addition, the internment plainly violated the Suspension Clause of the U.S. For one, they were born of insidious racial and ethnic discrimination. There were also enormous constitutional problems with the policies. It is more important than ever that we remember the mistakes of the past and honor those who fought against them at the time. Edgar Hoover – no stranger to robust policing and surveillance – reportedly told Attorney General Francis Biddle that the push for such policies was “based primarily upon public and political pressure rather than on factual data.” As a result of this ruling, the wartime relocation camps were closed, and the formerly incarcerated Japanese Americans were allowed to return to the West Coast.Even at the time, many prominent government officials expressed great skepticism over the need for such measures. Min and his family went on to become activists for equity and justice. ![]() Unfortunately, most could not return to their homes, properties, and livelihoodsall had been taken from them. 18, 1944 when Mitsuye Endo’s case finally won and Japanese Americans could be released. ![]() However, in ex parte Endo, the Supreme Court ruled unanimously in her favor, deciding that the US government could not incarcerate citizens who were loyal to the United States. Three cases challenged the incarceration, but it wasn’t until Dec. ![]() United States all resulted in convictions upheld and government restrictions uncontested by the Supreme Court. Endo’s case was the only one to successfully challenge Executive Order 9066. ![]()
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